May, whose books combine American West settings with heroes seemingly culled from medieval myth, was the favorite author of folks as diverse as Albert Schweitzer, Albert Einstein, Herman Hesse, and Adolph Hitler. The tales of Winnetou and Shatterhand owe more to romantic epics than to reality, or even to American Westerns for that matter, but it's probably that very fact that makes them so popular to Germans. Shatterhand, the nickname derived from his capacity to break the bones of those he punches, is a young German engineer who travels out West to help with a railroad survey. There he meets the young Apache princeling, Winnetou, and promises the boy's dying tutor that he will look after him. Thus begins a series of adventures which see Shatterhand and Winnetou try to fend off other tribes and encroaching civilization. May's vision of the natives is straight out of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the myth of the Noble Savage, romanticizing their culture and ethics, and giving the story an arc of almost Wagnerian tragedy.
I recall, particularly when Reagan was president, how the Europeans, who wanted to appease rather than confront the Soviet Union, would always refer to him as a cowboy, and how in their mouths the word had a pejorative connotation that made little sense to us ugly Americans. To read Karl May's stories is to realize that for European liberals, it was the American cowboys who were the bad guys, the Indians who were the good guys, and, of course, the ultimate hero was the invincible Teutonic gone native, Shatterhand. This is obviously a naive reading of what aboriginal life was like in America and betrays a fundamental distrust of Western Civilization as a force for good in the world--not to mention that if there had been any Native Americans in Germany in the 1940's they would have been gassed, so it's particularly ironic to give them a savior who is a Hun. But the novels, taken on their own terms, are undeniably thrilling and great fun to read.
GRADE : B+
Quelle: http://www.brothersjudd.com/webpage/easterneuropelit.htm#winnetou